Valuable Management System: Design an Asset Inventory System with Value Tracking

Question

## Round 1 - Coding / OOD

## Problem

Design a valuable asset management system. Assets have an ID, name, category, current value, and acquisition date. Support adding assets, depreciating values over time, querying the highest-value assets per category, and computing total portfolio value.

```python
class Asset:
    def __init__(self, asset_id: str, name: str, category: str,
                 value: float, acquired: str):
        ...
    def depreciate(self, rate: float) -> None:
        # reduce value by rate percent
        ...

class AssetManager:
    def add_asset(self, asset: Asset) -> None:
        ...
    def depreciate_all(self, category: str, rate: float) -> None:
        ...
    def top_assets(self, category: str, k: int) -> list[Asset]:
        ...
    def portfolio_value(self) -> float:
        ...
```

## Example

```
mgr = AssetManager()
mgr.add_asset(Asset("A1", "Laptop",   "Electronics", 1200.0, "2023-01"))
mgr.add_asset(Asset("A2", "Desk",     "Furniture",   400.0,  "2022-06"))
mgr.add_asset(Asset("A3", "Projector","Electronics", 800.0,  "2023-03"))
mgr.depreciate_all("Electronics", 10)   # 10% reduction
mgr.portfolio_value()  -> 1080+720+400 = 2200.0
mgr.top_assets("Electronics", 1) -> [Asset A1 at 1080.0]
```

## Follow-ups

1. How do you keep `top_assets` efficient as the number of assets grows into the thousands?
2. How would you record a full depreciation history per asset?
3. How would you support bulk import of assets from a CSV file?
4. How do you handle assets transferred between categories?

Valuable Management System: Design an Asset Inventory System with Value Tracking

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